The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

A Trip To Rome and Italy

Main Idea:   Rome began as a small tribe of people on the Tiber River in Italy, but because of its location and the influences of those who settled there, Rome became a great empire.

• Italy--a boot-shaped nation in southern Europe on the Mediterranean Sea
• Mediterranean Sea--main sea between Europe and Africa
• Rome--city halfway up the boot, 7 miles up the Tiber River
• Tiber River--river that flows through Rome
• Sicily--the island below Italy that it appears the boot is kicking
• Alps--mountain range over the top of Italy
• Apennines--mountain range that runs down the spine of Italy
• Italy is halfway from one end of the Med .Sea to the other, and Rome is halfway up the boot of Italy.  Strategically placed for conquest.
• Climate--same as Greece
• Main products---same as Greece
• Rome grew on seven hills for protection, next to the Tiber River
• Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of the Roman god Mars and a Roman princess.  The twins were cast into the Tiber after birth and raised by a she-wolf until adopted by a shepherd.  They fought over where to build Rome and who would rule.  Romulus killed Remus and founded Rome.

Video to Watch for Romulus and Remus:  Romulus and Remus Story

Italy Map Assignment
Use these maps to complete it:

Who Were the Romans?

Main Idea:  Three different cultures combined to create Roman culture--Latin, Etruscan and Greek.

1.  Latins---came over the Alps about 1,000 BC
                Contribution---Latin Language--this language became the language of the Roman Empire, the
                                     language of learning in the Middle Ages, and formed the basis for the Romance
                                     languages of Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romansch.  It also gave
                                     English about 1/3 of all of its words.
               Latin Language Video Clip (Very good)---History of the Latin Language

2.  Etruscans---lived in Northern Italy
             Contributions:
                    The Etruscan Alphabet became our alphabet.
                    The arch

                    Metal Working and Art
                    Etruscan Video Clip:  The Etruscans 

3.  Greeks---750-600 BC--
        Contributions:   Art, Philosophy, Religion, Agriculture
        Greek Video Clip:   Greek Contributions to Rome

The Roman Republic

Main Idea:  The Romans got rid of kings and put power in the hands of the people.

• Republic--a form of government in which power rests with the citizens who elect their leaders
• Rome was not a true republic.  Some Romans could not vote, such as women and slaves.
• Roman Classes
• Patricians---old-school nobles, like the lords in England, who owned land and whose wealth extended back generations.
• Plebeians--middle class, including workers, farmers, and craftsmen
• Both patricians and plebeians were citizens.  Women and slaves were not represented.
• Plebeians get rights when the patricians need their help to overthrow the tyrant, King Tarquin. 
• Plebeians demand that the Patricians post the laws of Rome in the Forum (meeting place) so that everyone can read them and see that the patricians are not taking advantage of the plebs.
• The Plebeians get more rights when the Patricians agree to let the Plebeians have representatives in the Patrician Senate.  These representatives, called Tribunes, are Patricians but represent the interests of the Plebs.
• Roman Government Graphic Organizer:

•    The two consuls were elected for terms of only one year, and could not serve again for ten years.  This kept either from getting too much power or support.  Also each consuls could VETO any idea of the other, preventing either from getting too much power.
• In cases of extreme emergency, when something had to be dealt with quickly, the Senate could appoint a DICTATOR to serve with complete control for 6 months only.
• The danger of this was that if a dictator was able to get enough support, he could refuse to step down. That is what Julius Caesar will do eventually.
• Video Clip Links for this Lesson:
• Seeds of theRoman Republic: History Channel

• Rome Grows!

  
  
  
  
  
  Main Idea:  Rome treated places it conquered fairly and was soon a major trading power.  This would lead to a war with a trade power--Carthage.
  • Types of Roman Subjects
  • Latins--original Romans---from central Italy--were citizens AND can vote
  • Conquered areas in Rome---were citizens but could NOT vote
  • Areas outside Italy that were conquered by Rome---were allies but not citizens, could be rewarded with citizenship.
  • Slaves--up to 1/3 of all Rome's population by the year Zero
  • Benefits of being a Roman subject
  • Roads
  • Protection
  • Trade
  • Culture--Theaters, Colisseums, etc.
  • Water--Baths and Aqueducts

  • The Punic Wars  (264-146 B.C.)

    
    
    
    
    
    Main Idea:  Rome fought a trade war with the North African city-state of Carthage.
    
    1.  First Punic War---264-241 BC
    
    • lasts 23 years
    • Rome reverse engineers a Carthaginian ship and builds a navy
    • Rome wins Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and control of the Mediterannean Sea
    2.  Second Punic War----218 BC- 201 BC
    
    • Hannibal, great Carthaginian general, attacks Rome by way of Spain, France and the Alps with 40,000 men and 37 war elephants.
    • Fought in Italy for many years.  Outwitted politically-appointed Roman generals.  At one battle, Cannae, he kills 50,000 Roman legionaries despite being outnumbers
    • Finally, Roman general Scipio attacks Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return to defend it
    • Scipio defeats Hannibal at the Battle of Zama
    3.  Third Punic War--149-146 BC
    
    • War of revenge--Carthage must be destroyed--Cato
    • Carthage destroyed, residents killed or enslaved, farmland salted
    • Study Guide
      Final Test on Early Roman Republic
      Morris 2013
      
      
      1.        Outline map.  Identify the following:  Rome, Carthage, Sicily, Alps, Apennines, Tiber River, Po River, Mediterranean Sea, Ionian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Adriatic Sea, Mt. Vesuvius, Mt. Etna, Corsica, Sardinia.
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      2.       Know contributions of Latins, Etruscans and Greeks to Roman civilization.
      3.       Know Romulus and Remus legend.
      4.       Know the importance of Latin, the definition of Romance languages, and be able to list some Romance languages.
      5.       Why was Latin such an important language in the ancient world?
      6.       Know the two citizen classes in the Roman Republic, their names, and who was in each one.
      7.       Be able to describe how the plebeians got more rights over time. 
      8.       Identify the importance of Tarquin.
      9.       What is the importance of the Twelve Tables?  What right did it guarantee that we still use in the United States today?
      10.   Why did the Romans use separation of powers/checks and balances? 
      11.   What were the three branches of Roman government?  How is this like our system?
      12.   Know the duty of a consul, how one was selected, how long one served, and what powers each had.
      13.   Know the importance of the veto.
      14.   Who burned Rome and convinced the Romans they needed a better army?
      15.   Know the different levels of the Roman army and how many men were in each.
      16.   Know the importance of the centurion in the Roman army.
      17.   Know the cause of the Punic Wars.
      18.   Who fought in the Punic Wars?
      19.   Know the basic detail of what happened in each of the three wars.  Who won?  One detail.
      20.   How did the Romans create their navy?
      21.   How did Hannibal attack?
      22.   How successful was Hannibal in his invasion of Rome?  Why?
      23.   Importance of Battle of Cannae?
      24.   What forced Hannibal to have to leave Rome?
      25.   What Roman general defeated Hannibal?
      26.   What was his strategy?
      27.   What islands did Rome win in the Punic Wars?
      28.   Why were Roman soldiers so important to the spread of Roman civilization?
      29.   What were the four types of people living in the Roman Empire and what were the rights of each?
      30.   How did the Romans reward people in the empire?
      31.   What could Romans do in times of crisis?  How long could this person serve? 
      32.   What benefits did conquered peoples get after Rome took over?  Second Trimester Begins Here.  Decem er 2How did the Romans treat conquered peoples?
    • Second Trimester Notes Begin Here
    • December 2
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    • Rome, We Have a Problem!

      
      Main Idea:  As Rome became rich and powerful after the Punic Wars, the Republic began to have problems with its government and its people.
      
      I.   Problems
      
      • Widening gap between rich and poor
      • Latifundia---large plantations owned by wealthy patricians that used many slaves, much like the plantations in the American South before the Civil War.  These latifundia put the smaller farmers out of business.
      • Soldiers--lose their farms while they are away fighting in Punic Wars.
      • Poor farmers and soldiers move to cities, where they live in slums, are usually unemployed, and learn to hate and distrust the government
      • Military
      • The military was set up so that a successful general who shared the spoils of war with his men got their loyalty rather than the government.  The men would follow the general before they would obey a government that they thought was corrupt and didn't care about them.
      • Corruption
      • Patricians in Senate do nothing to help the plebeians and the poor, and instead focus on getting more wealth and power.
      • Slavery---1/3 of all Rome's population is now slave.  These slaves take a lot of the labor from Roman citizens and non-slaves
      II.  Solutions
      
      1. Gracchus Brothers---Tribunes who try to get reforms passed to help the Plebeians, but they are assasinated.
      2. Civil War---Battle of rival generals.  Sulla wins and declares himself dictator.  
      3. 
         
      4. Wednesday, December 4 and Thursday November 5
         
         

                   Julius Caesar:  Rise to Power

         
         
         
         
         Main Idea:  Julius Caesar became a dictator but did great things for Rome.
         
         • Born 100 BC. Died 44 BC.
         • Month of his birth, Quinctillus, was changed to July in his honor.
         • Legend says he was born by Caesarian section, thus the name of the operation.
         • Born to a poor patrician family.
         • Raised in the poorer section of Rome, friends with slaves and plebeians growing up.  Could speak with them and relate to the middle class and poor unlike most patricians.
         • Ambitious--hero was Alexander the Great
         • Grew up in a time of civil war in Rome.  To him, the Republic did not work very well.
         • Had to flee Rome when Sulla became dictator.
         • Became a military hero and diplomat in Asia Minor.
         • Later conquers Gaul
         • 55 BC Conquers England
         • 50 BC  Senate orders him back to Rome, thinking he has become too powerful.  If he goes, he knows he will be imprisoned or killed.  He decides to risk it all and take his army.
         • 49 BC  Crosses the Rubicon River.  If a general crossed the Rubicon with his army, he was entering Roman territory and was guilty of treason.  From that point, there was no turning back.  He would either become dictator or die.
         • "Crossing the Rubicon"--an expression meaning passing the point of no return in one's life.
         • Pompey flees, JC defeats rivals
         • 44 BC  Name dictator for life by the Senate,which he has stacked with his own supporters
    
    
    
    
    
    Friday, December 6
    Pearl Harbor
    
    
    
    Who: Japanese planes from six aircraft carriers attack U.S. Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
    When: December 7, 1941, Sunday morning
    Where: Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in Honolulu
    Why: To destroy the U.S. Pacific fleet so Japan would have time to capture territory in the Pacific for resources
    How:
    
    Japan sneaked halfway across the Pacific to within 250 miles of Pearl Harbor
    Launched 350 planes
    The attack sank or damaged ships and planes
    The attack failed to sink aircraft carriers, and also failed to destroy fuel storage tanks and dry-docks.
    It killed nearly 3,000 Navy and Marine personnel, and also Army and 57 civilians
    Biggest loss was on the U.S.S. Arizona, which lost 1,177 men, many of whom are still entombed on the ship.
    U.S. declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941
    President was Franklin D. Roosevelt
    War lasted from December 8 until the summer of 1945
    If absent, watch this LINK
    
    Tuesday, December 10
    Julius Caesar's Accomplishments

Main Idea: Julius Caesar did many good things for the common people, but he did them to further his own interests and to increase his power. He was killed by Senators who feared his dictatorial rule.


Julius Caesar's Accomplishments

1. Expanded the Senate (and packed it with his own supporters)
2. Gave people living in the provinces outside Italy citizenship (to increase his number of supporters)
3. Helped the poor by creating jobs (got their support, and also reduced the chance of social problems such as riots, crime, and hatred of the government)
4. Started new colonies and gave the land to the poor (got their support, but he took the land from those he conquered so he wasn't giving away anything that he hadn't first taken from someone else)
5. Increased pay for soldiers (always good to have the army on your side)Death of Julius Caesar

The Death of Julius Caesar

• 44 BC--Fortune-teller warns Caesar to "Beware the Ides of March" (March 15)
• Members of the Roman Senate plot to kill Caesar
• March 15, 44 BC. Caesar goes to the Senate and is killed by Roman Senators
• The Senators expect to be heroes, but the majority of the Roman people love Caesar and they becomc enemies of Rome
• After a power struggle, Caesar's adopted nephew Octavian becomes his successor.

Wednesday, December 11

Roman Daily Life

Men and Women

• Paterfamilias---the Roman father had complete and God-like power over his family. He could sell his children into slavery or kill them. He could also tell them who to marry and how to live their lives and they had to obey.
• Gravitas--the Roman ideal behavior--discipline, strength, loyalty
• Women--highter status than in Greece, but could not vote

Children and Education

• Boys were favored because only they could be politically and economically successful
• Girls are not even given their own name. Instead, are named after their father, such as Julius' daughter would be called Julia. If there was more than one daughter, each would be called Julia the Elder, Julia the Second, Julia the Younger etc.
• Only patrician boys are educated, to age 16, when they are adults
• Girls marry at 12-15, their father picks their husband, and the husband is usually an older, successful businessman or comes from a politically powerful family. It's not about love, it's about making an alliance with a powerful family.
• Girls in Rome
• Teenage Boys in Rome

Slaves

• varied in treatment. A valuable Greek tutor-slave might live with the family and be treated as such, while a worker in the salt mines would be treated like an animal.
• Gladiators---trained warriors, like professional athletes but slaves. Fought to the death in the arena. Some lived 10-20 years and attained rock star status.
• Life of Verus:  Life of a Gladiator   (Start at 17:00)
• Slaves in Rome

Friday, December 13

Skeleton Notes on Roman Life

I. Baths (Watch the hyperlink and list four facts about Roman baths) Roman Baths Hyperlink
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II. Gladiator Training (Watch the first hyperlink on Gladiator Training and then, if you want and have time, watch the second video about the Life of a Gladiator. It is 50 minutes long)
Gladiator Training
The True Story of the Life of a Roman Gladiator
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III. Virtual Tour inside a Roman Villa
Roman Villa Virtual Tour
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IV. Chariot Race from Ben Hur
Chariot Race from Ben Hur
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Tuesday, December 17

Octavian Augustus and the Beginning of the Roman Empire

Main Idea: After the assassination of Julius Caesar by members of the Senate, there was a Civil War in Rome that ended with the dictatorship of Caesar's adopted son and heir, his nephew Octavian, who would later be better known as Caesar Augustus.


Octavian---Julius Caesar's heir who became emporer after the civil war.  Later known as Caesar Augustus.
Heir--someone who is chosen to take the place of a parent or leader, usually by that person.
Marc Antony--famous Roman general. A former ally of Julius Caesar and then Octavian, he governed Egypt.  He later fought in the Civil War against Octavian from his stronghold in Egypt.
Cleopatra--the pharoah of Egypt, allied with Marc Anthony
Antony and Cleopatra kill themselves when Octavian is about to capture them in 30 BC. after the Battle of Actium.
Octavian becomes First Man in Rome in 23 BC.

Halley's Comet--Octavian uses as a sign that Julius Caesar was a god and thus he becomes the son of a god.  soon all emperors would be worshiped as gods.

Must watch this video if gone:  Order from Chaos watch beginning to end of part one and then from 22:00 to about 32:00.  

Wednesday/Thursday December 18-19, 2013

Study Guide: Test on  End of the Roman Republic

Roman Republic Test Review

Morris 2013

1.       How did the government in the Roman Republic prevent the rise of a dictator?

2.       What were the two citizen classes of the Roman Republic?  Which one had more political power?

3.       What citizen class was Julius Caesar from?

4.       Why was Julius Caesar able to relate and manipulate the plebeian and lower classes so easily?

5.       Name two ways that Julius Caesar gained the support of the plebeians.

6.       Name two ways that Julius Caesar gained the support of people in the provinces?

7.       How did JC gain the support of the soldiers?

8.       How did JC get more supporters in the Roman Senate?

9.       Who killed Julius Caesar and why?

10.   What was JC’s war cry/motto?  In Latin?  In English?

11.   What was JC’s decision at the Rubicon?  Why was it a decision from which there was no turning back?

12.   Why did the Senate recall JC to Rome?

13.   JC did not call himself dictator.  Why?  What did he call himself instead?

14.   How as JC’s death predicted?

15.   What is the importance of the saying ‘Beware the Ides of March?

16.   What is the Ides of March?

17.   Where and how was JC killed?

18.   What did his killers predict would be the public reaction to the killing?  Were they correct?  Why or why not?

19.   Who took JC’s place as leader?  What was his name and how was he related to JC?  What did he become known as?

20.   Name three things that are named for Julius Caesar that are still around today.

21.   JC was born in ____ BC and died in ___ BC.

22.   What is the Roman concept of Paterfamilias?

23.   What is the Roman concept of Gravitas?  What three qualities make up gravitas?  How is gravitas similar to arête?

24.   What was the status of women in Rome?  Compared to Greece?

25.   What was it like to be a boy in a Roman family?

26.   What was it like to be a girl?

27.   How were slaves treated in the Roman Empire?

28.   What was a gladiator?  What was his job? 

29.   Three types of homes:  Villa, Insulae, latifundia.

30.   Facts about public baths.

31.   What was the basic layout of a wealthy Roman home?

32.   Why did Julius Caesar chose Octavian as his heir?

33.   How old was Octavian when Julius Caesar was assassinated?

34.   What was the relationship between Julius Caesar and Octavian?

35.   Was Octavian first in line to take over after the death of JC?  If not, who was?

36.   Who was allied with Octavian early on after the death of Julius Caesar?  What happened to that alliance?

37.   Where did Marc Antony go?  Who did he meet?

38.   How did this create problems for Marc Antony?

39.   At the Battle of _____, Octavian’s navy defeated Marc Antony’s.

40.   After the war, Rome now controlled the great civilization of _____

41.   Why was Egypt so important to Rome?

42.   What happened to Marc Antony and Cleopatra?

43.   How did Octavian increase his power back in Rome with the common people?

44.   When Octavian was offered the dictatorship, what did he do?

45.   Octavian started a historic era of peace and prosperity in the Roman world called the ___  ____.

46.   How did Octavian use Halley’s Comet to gain power?

47.   Why did Octavian want to convince the Roman people that Julius Caesar was a god?

TEST Friday, December 20  STUDY

Augustus and Empire

Monday, January 6


Main Idea:   Octavian (later known better as Caesar Augustus) became Rome's most powerful and effective emperor.

• Lived 63 BC- 14 AD
• Personality-wise, opposite of Julius Caesar---Octavian was quiet, religious, frugal and moral.
• Lived a very simple lifestyle
• Was ruthless to enemies of himself and Caesar
• Named 'Imperator' (Supreme Military Commander) by Rome.  This became the world "Emperor".  He was named this because he put on the appearance that Rome was still a Republic and that he was not a dictator.
• Octavian builds the Roman economy
• Common Money throughout empire---Denarius
• Sea trade to all of Mediterannean as well as China and India
• Silk Road land route
• many thousands of miles of paved roads
• used auxiliaries in the Roman army (an auxiliary is a soldier who is not Roman but who fights for Rome.  This allowed the army to be bigger)
• Achievements
• stabilized Rome's 10,000 miles of borders, bringing about the Roman Peace (Pax Romana)
• Many public buildings and temples built during his rule.  Beautification.
• Civil Service test--tests given for government jobs, and those who scored highest got the jobs.  Employment based on skill and knowledge rather than wealth or connections.
• If gone---Watch as much of this as you can:  Order out of Chaos:  Caesar Augustus Start at Minute 14

Tuesday, January 7

                                  Building the Roman City

Powerpoint on the building of a Roman City

• Ideal size 50,000
• All cities had certain elements such as
• connection to Roman road system
• connection to river and/or aqueduct
• walls
• gates/gatehouses
• guard towers
• forum
• market
• housing for rich, middle, poor
• fountains on each residential street
• gridded streets
• baths
• arena/theater, sometimes a circus
• etc
• If you were gone, you need to watch the following videos
• Roman City in Ten Minutes
• McCauley 'Roman City' Part One

Monday, January 13, 2014

• 
  

The Religion of the Jews

Main Idea: Judaism is the basis for both Christianity and Islam and is the first great monotheistic religion.


Judaism--the religion of the Jewish people
Jew--follower of Judaism
Abraham--the father of the Jews (or Hebrew) people, chosen by God to lead the Jews from Iraq to Palestine to a land promised to the Jews by God.
Monotheism--the belief in one God.
Moses--Jewish leader given the laws by God
Torah--the first five books of the Old Testament, containing the laws of the Jews. There are 613 laws in the Torah.
Ten Commandments--the main laws of the Jews, also used by Christians
Covenant---an agreement. God made a covenant with the Jews. If they would follow him and obey his laws, he would protect and bless the Jews.
Palestine---the land promised to the Jews by God. It is now Israel, and became the land of the Jews after WWII.

History of the Jews in Five Minutes

History of Jerusalem in Five Minutes


Tuesday, January 14
Birth of Christianity

Main Idea: A Jewish rabbi named Jesus claimed to be the Messiah and was crucified by the Romans for treason. However, his teachings spread and Christianity was born. It would become the most important religion in Western Civilization.


Jesus---claimed to be the Messiah. Taught a New Covenant--believe in Him and one's sins were forgiven and one did not have to follow the strict laws and sacrifices of the Torah.
Old Covenant---Obey God, follow his commandments, and make the sacrifices and God will protect and bless you.
New Covenant--Believe in Jesus and his sacrifice for your sins and God will give you eternal life.
Many Jews reject Jesus because they are expecting a different type of Messiah or they disagree with his teachings.
Jesus crucified by Romans for treason (claiming to be a king).
According to Christians, Jesus raised from the dead after three days and ascended to heaven.
Diaspora. 70 AD--Jews rebel against Rome and are kicked out of Palestine--the Diaspora--they will not return until after WWII.
Most Jews go to Europe and Russia in the Diaspora

Wednesday, January 15


The Growth of Christianity

Main Idea: When Christianity became open to everybody, and not just Jewish believers, it spread rapidly across the Roman Empire. Though illegal at first, it later became Rome's official religion.

Gospels--the first four books of the New Testament, that tell the story of Jesus. (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John)
Peter--became the first leader of the Christian church after the death and resurrection of Jesus. Peter also had a vision that all people--not just Jews--could become Christians
Gentile---any person who is not Jewish. Peter said Gentiles could become Christian by believing in Jesus and did not have to follow the laws of the Torah but only believe in Jesus.
Paul--a religious Jew who opposed Christianity. He was converted when he was struck off his horse and blinded by a vision. Paul then became a Christian and traveled throughout the eastern Roman Empire starting new churches and writing letters to them--letters which are part of the New Testament. He was eventually killed in Rome.
Fish--the Christian secret symbol, used by Christians when Christianity was illegal to identify each other. The Greek word for fish--Ikthos--has the first letters in the saying, "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior".
Catacombs--underground burial tunnels outside Rome where the early Christians worshipped in secret.
Constantine--a Roman general who converted to Christianity after having a vision before the Battle of Milvian Bridge. He saw a Chi-Ro in the sky, and heard a voice "In hoc vinci" (In this conquer). He had his army paint the symbol on its shields. After the victory, Constantine became the emperor and also became a Christian and in the Edict of Milan gave Romans religious freedom.
Theodosius---Roman emperor who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire.

Review Sheet

Test on Empire, Judaism and Christianity Morris

Empire

1.       Give five things Caesar Augustus did to strengthen the Roman Empire.

2.       Roman money is _________. 

3.       Pax Romana is ___. 

4.       Eight parts of a Roman city. ____

Judaism

5.        Where did the tribe of Israel originate and what was that tribe’s occupation?

6.       According to Jews, God chose the Jews as His chosen people.  Who is considered the father of the Jewish people and why?

7.       What land were the Jews promised by God?

8.       What was the Old Covenant between God and His people?

9.       Who was given the laws of Judaism by God?

10.   The main laws given by God were the ___________.

11.   The laws were recorded in the Jewish scriptures, called the ________________.

12.   The Jewish capital was/is ___________________.

13.   The most sacred place in Jerusalem is _________________ because ______________.

14.   When the Jews rebelled against Rome, what did the Romans do to the temple?  Why?

15.   What did the Romans do to the Jews after the rebellion?  Where did the Jewish people go?

16.   What is the Diaspora?

17.   When did the Jews finally return in numbers to Israel?

18.   What is the significance of the Masada in Jewish history?

19.   What is monotheism?  Polytheism?  What was the religion of the Roman Empire?

Christianity

1.       Jesus was born in the Roman Empire in the province of _______________.

2.       According to the Bible, Jesus lived to be _____ years old.

3.       Why is there little written record of Jesus outside the Bible?

4.       The Jews were expecting a Messiah.  What is a messiah and what was the Messiah supposed to do for Israel?

5.       Jesus claimed to be the Messiah.  Why did many not believe him?

6.       Jesus’ early followers were called his _____________.

7.       What was the New Covenant Jesus brought to the people and how is it different from the Old Covenant?

8.       Why was Jesus killed?  How?  What crime had he committed, according to the Romans?

9.       According to Christians, what happened to Jesus after three days?  How is this event explained by non-believers?

10.   Who was Peter and why is he important in the early church?

11.   Who was Paul and why is he important in the early church?  Why could he travel so easily?

12.   The Christian scriptures are called the ______________.  The four books that tell about Jesus’ life are called the _______.

13.   What is a Gentile?  How did Christianity grow when Gentiles were allowed to join?

14.   Why was Christianity illegal in the early Roman empire?

15.   What emperor made Christianity legal?  Why? 

16.   What is the fish symbol?  What is the Chi-Ro?

17.   The leader of the early church was the _____.  Under him were ______and then _______.

18.   Why were many Romans attracted to Christianity’s teachings?  Give three reasons.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

1.       Know these terms:

a.       Jim Crow

b.      Segregation

c.       Integration

d.      Civil Disobedience

2.       Know these events/people/things

a.       Ebenezer Baptist Church

b.      Montgomery Bus Boycott

c.       Thoreau

d.      Gandhi

e.      March on Washington

f.        Rosa Parks

Fall Of Rome

1.       Give five to eight reasons for the fall of Rome.

Review Sheet Answers/Hard Copy

Test on Empire, Judaism and Christianity Morris

Empire

1.       Give five things Caesar Augustus did to strengthen the Roman Empire.  Common money, Pax Romana, Bread and Circuses, Restored morals.

2.       Roman money is _________.  Denarius

3.       Pax Romana is ___.   200 years of Roman peace.

4.       Eight parts of a Roman city. ____ Walls, Gatehouse, Forum, Armory, Baths, Theater, Market, Gridded Streets, Temples, rich housing, poor housing.

Judaism

5.        Where did the tribe of Israel originate and what was that tribe’s occupation?  Iraq, Nomadic animal herders.

6.       According to Jews, God chose the Jews as His chosen people.  Who is considered the father of the Jewish people and why?  Abraham.  God called to him.

7.       What land were the Jews promised by God?  Palestine, now called Israel.

8.       What was the Old Covenant between God and His people?  If the Jews followed the laws of the Torah, God would protect them and give them land.

9.       Who was given the laws of Judaism by God?  Moses

10.   The main laws given by God were the ___________.   Ten Commandments

11.   The laws were recorded in the Jewish scriptures, called the ________________.  Torah

12.   The Jewish capital was/is ___________________.  Jerusalem

13.   The most sacred place in Jerusalem is _________________ because ______________.  The Western Wall, it is the only part of the Temple left standing.

14.   When the Jews rebelled against Rome, what did the Romans do to the temple?  Why?  The Romans destroyed it as a lesson not to rebel.

15.   What did the Romans do to the Jews after the rebellion?  Where did the Jewish people go?  They kicked them out of Palestine.  Europe and Russia

16.   What is the Diaspora?  The spreading out of the Jews after they were kicked out of Palestine.

17.   When did the Jews finally return in numbers to Israel?  After World War II.

18.   What is the significance of the Masada in Jewish history?  Last stand on cliff by Jews.

19.   What is monotheism?  Polytheism?  What was the religion of the Roman Empire?  Belief in one god.  Belief in many goes.  Rome was polytheistic.

Christianity

1.       Jesus was born in the Roman Empire in the province of _______________.  Palestine

2.       According to the Bible, Jesus lived to be _____ years old.  33

3.       Why is there little written record of Jesus outside the Bible?  He was not well-known or wealthy

4.       The Jews were expecting a Messiah.  What is a messiah and what was the Messiah supposed to do for Israel?  The messiah was supposed to come and save the Jews.  They were expecting a military leader.

5.       Jesus claimed to be the Messiah.  Why did many not believe him?  Because he was not a military leader and he preached peace.

6.       Jesus’ early followers were called his _____________.  Disciples

7.       What was the New Covenant Jesus brought to the people and how is it different from the Old Covenant?  If a person believed Jesus died for him or her, he or she was saved and got to go to Heaven.

8.       Why was Jesus killed?  How?  What crime had he committed, according to the Romans?  Treason.  Crucified. 

9.       According to Christians, what happened to Jesus after three days?  How is this event explained by non-believers?  He rose from the dead.  His body was stolen.

10.   Who was Peter and why is he important in the early church?   Leader of the church after Jesus’s death.  First Pope.

11.   Who was Paul and why is he important in the early church?  Why could he travel so easily?  Became a Christian, spread Christianity, wrote Scripture.  He was a Roman Citizen.

12.   The Christian scriptures are called the ______________.  The four books that tell about Jesus’ life are called the _______.  New Testament.  Gospels.

13.   What is a Gentile?  How did Christianity grow when Gentiles were allowed to join?  A non-Jew.  When Gentiles could become Christians, then anybody could join.

14.   Why was Christianity illegal in the early Roman empire?  Christians refused to worship the emperor and the Roman gods.

15.   What emperor made Christianity legal?  Why?  Constantine.  He converted after Battle of Milvian Bridge.

16.   What is the fish symbol?  What is the Chi-Ro?  Christian secret symbol.  Constantine’s symbol.

17.   The leader of the early church was the _____.  Under him were ______and then _______.  Skip

18.   Why were many Romans attracted to Christianity’s teachings?  Give three reasons.  Eternal life, all are equal, loving God, few rules.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

1.       Know these terms:

a.       Jim Crow— “separate but equal”

b.      Segregation—keeping black and whites separated in all areas in the south

c.       Integration—letting blacks and whites use the same facilities

d.      Civil Disobedience—breaking unjust laws to draw attention to them and get them changed

2.       Know these events/people/things

a.       Ebenezer Baptist Church—Martin Luther King’s church

b.      Montgomery Bus Boycott—where civil rights movement began

c.       Thoreau—created Civil Disobedience

d.      Gandhi—used civil disobedience in India

e.      March on Washington—Civil Rights March, MLK gives Dream Speech

f.        Rosa Parks—refused to give up her seat on the bus

Fall Of Rome

1.       Give five to eight reasons for the fall of Rome.   Inflation, lack of morals, lack of patriotism, barbarian attack, bad soil, no more areas to conquer so no money, etc