Journal: Do you believe the Bible to be literally true? Why or why not?
Protestants!
Main Idea: After the Protestants broke away from the Catholic Church, one sect, Calvinism, influenced American ideas and culture.
- Reformation--when Europeans challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, and many broke away and formed new churches.
- Counter-Reformation--when the Catholic Church attempted to win believers back by reforming itself.
- Martin Luther--broke from the Catholic Church. Formed the Lutheran Church. "Man is saved by faith alone". Ultimate authority of God on earth is the Bible.
- Henry VIII--broke from Catholic Church over divorce. Formed the Church of England.
- John Calvin--reformer who started the Calvinist church. belief in Predestination. Heavily influenced the early United States.
- Predestination-- the belief that God has already determined if one is going to heaven or hell before that person is born. The only way to prove you are one of the "Elect" is to work hard and succeed.
- Calvinism--name for Calvin's beliefs.
- Puritans--early settlers in the New World. Calvinists. Hard Work, Self Reliance. Do not sin. Puritanical.
- Protestant Work Ethic--the belief in the United States that if you work hard you will be rewarded. Also suggests that those who do not succeed or not working hard enough.
Tuesday, May 6
Journal: Are there certain situations where it would be better to have an absolute ruler or dictator than a democracy? When and why or why not?
Divine Right of Kings
Main Idea: After the Catholic Church's loss of power because of the Crusades, the Plague, and the Protestant Reformation, and after the loss of power by nobles after the fall of feudalism, the Kings and Queens of Europe became very powerful, and there was a belief that they ruled at the behest of God.Absolute Monarch---the king or queen has total control with little or no checks and balances.
Divine Right--a king or queen rules because God has chosen him/her to do so.
Wednesday, May 7
Journal: How important is religious freedom to you? Explain.
Louis XIV: The Sun King
- Huguenot-- A French Protestant. Persecuted by French Catholics and finally chased out of France.
- Henry IV--great and wise French king. Became Catholic. Pressed for religious freedom. Assassinated.
- Edict of Nantes--a document giving French people religious freedom, passed under Henry IV
- Cardinal Richelieu--brilliant advisor to Louis XIII. strengthened monarchy.
- Cardinal Mazarin--replaced Richelieu.
- ruled while Louis XIV was a boy
- angered nobility because of taxes and power grab
- years of riots and war
- Louis becomes king at age 23
- cancels the Edict of Nantes
- spends lot of money on the arts and on palaces
- controls nobles at Versailles
- Versailles--huge palace built by Louis XIV to control his nobility
- Wars--France is a super-power, but loses after many nations join together and defeat it
- Debts--wars cause massive French debt. When L dies, France is in heavy debt.
Virtual Versailles Palace
History of Versailles Video
Louis XIV Short Biography
Louis XIV Long Biography
Monday, May 12
Journal: Can the existence of God be scientifically proven, in your opinion? Why or why not?
The Scientific Revolution
Main Idea: In the middle of the 1500s, scientists in Europe began to question accepted beliefs about the world and universe around them, making new theories based on the Scientific Method.
- Medieval Scholars---trained by the church. did not question church teachings. accepted church and Greek and Roman ideas.
- Renaissance Scholars--many educated in secular universities.
- began studying Muslim math, science and Astronomy--brought back from Crusades
- noticed ancient Greek and Roman texts did not always agree
- realized through exploration of the world how little we understood about it and wanted to know more.
- Geocentric versus Heliocentric Theories
- Geocentric (Earth at the center)---Earth is at the center of the universe. Position of the church.
- Heliocentric (Sun at the center)--Sun is the center of the universe. Rejected by the church as it contradicts Biblical teachings.
- Scholars who argued for heliocentric theory could be charged with heresy and burned at the stake.
- Copernicus---originated heliocentric theory
- Kepler--proved it through study. planets move like a giant clock. orbits are elliptical not circular
- Galileo--furthered heliocentric theory. mapped moon and planets. charged with heresy by church and forced to recant his beliefs. Lived rest of his life under house arrest. Pope said he was right in 1992.
- Francis Bacon--English. Scientific Method.
- Rene Descartes--French skeptic. Prove it.
- Isaac Newton--English. Gravity. Prisms.
- Leeuwenhoek--Dutch. Telescope
- Fahrenheit--mercury thermometer
- Jenner--smallpox vacccine
- also heart is a pump that circulates blood
- earth is made up on invisible particles, not earth, wind, fire and water
Video: Focault's Pendulum at Smithsonian
Video: Life of Galileo
Video: Rock Group Queen's Bohemian Rhapsody, which mentions Galileo but only because the name is Italian.
Video: Galileo (4 minutes)
Video: Isaac Newton (5 mins)
Video: Scientific Revolution Overview (3 mins)
Tuesday, May 13
Journal: Is man basically good or bad? Why do you think so?
Notes continue from Monday (no new notes)
Wednesday/Thursday May 14-15
Journal: Should all people in the world really have a right to life, liberty and a pursuit of happiness if it means we as Americans have to give up some of what we have? Why or why not?
Enlightenment Philosophers
Voltaire
Main Idea: Philosophers in the Enlightenment, inspired by the scientists and explorers, used skepticism and the Scientific Method to examine the role of people and government. This led to changes and even revolution, including in the United States.
- Enlightenment--a time of great thought, discovery and change inspired by the Renaissance
- Skeptic--a person who doubts, and demands proof before believing something is true
- Thomas Hobbes--English philosopher. Believed people are naturally bad. We need government to keep order. Without government, life is poor, nasty, brutish and short. We need a strong ruler to preserve social order. Wrote Leviathan.
- John Locke--English philosopher. Believed people are naturally good. We need government because we can accomplish more together than each on our own. Social Contract. Man voluntarily enters into agreement with government. Can overthrow a bad government.
- Philisophes--French philosophers who believed in human freedom and reason.
- The Five Concepts of the Philisophes
- Reason
- Nature
- Progress
- Liberty
- Happiness
- Voltaire--French satirist. Poked fun at old ways. Defended all types of freedom. Wrote Candide.
- Montesque--French philosopher. A government should have many checks and balances to prevent tyranny.
- Rosseau--Social Contract--people give up some freedom for greater good. Direct democracy.
- The US Founding Fathers were Enlightenment Philosophers!
Three-Minute John Locke
Hobbes vs. Locke
The Enlightenment Philosophers with a Short Answer Quiz
Thursday, May 15
Journal: Are you a Hobbesian or a Lockian? Why do you say so?
Philosophers Table to be Filled in While Watching Video Above Either in Class or on your own.
Naure of Human Role of the Role of Government Individualist or
Beings Individual in Society in Society Collectivist?
____________________________________________________________________________
Locke Basically good to be free to follow to make sure rights Individualist
natural law of individual are honored
Hobbes Basically evil to follow laws Policing of citizens Collectivist
Rousseau
Marx
Voltaire
Montesqueue
Mill
Review Sheet Morris
Enlightenment 2014
Protestants!
1.
What was the Reformation?
2.
What was the Counter-Reformation?
3.
Importance of Martin Luther? How did he believe
man was saved? To what did he object
about the Catholic Church?
4.
Henry VIII.
Who was he and why did he break from the Catholic Church?
5.
John Calvin?
Who was he and what were his basic beliefs?
6.
What is predestination?
7.
Why have Calvin’s teachings had such a big
influence on the United States?
8.
What is the Protestant Work Ethic and how does
it relate to Calvin?
9.
Name some areas that Americans still show they
are affected by Calvinism.
II. Kings
1.
What is the divine right of kings and how did it
keep kings in power?
2.
Why was it challenged in the Enlightenment?
3.
What is royal absolutism?
III. Louis XIV: The Sun King
1.
Why did the French want a strong king by the
time of Louis XIV?
2.
What is a Huguenot?
3.
What French king, originally a Huguenot, gave
French religious freedom?
4.
What was the act passed that gave the French
religious freedom?
5.
What happened to Henry 4th?
6.
Louis XIV began ruling very young. Who helped him rule while he was a
child?
7.
How did this advisor anger the French people,
especially the nobles and Huguenots?
8.
What symbol did young Louis 14th
chose for himself and why?
9.
What act did Louis throw out? Why did he do so?
10.
Louis said “L’etat c’est moi.” What does that mean and what does it say
about him?
11.
How did Louis keep his nobles under his control?
12.
What was Versailles? How big was it?
13.
Was Louis successful in his wars? How did this effect France?
IV. The Scientific Revolution
1.
How were medieval scholars different from Greek
and Roman scholars?
2.
Did the medieval scholars use scientific
method? How did they come up with their
ideas?
3.
Why were many Renaissance and Enlightenment
scholars less likely to be influenced by the Catholic Church?
4.
How did Enlightenment scholars come in contact
with Muslim scholars?
5.
What had Muslim scholars done to preserve Greek
and Roman learning?
6.
What had Muslim scholars invented or used that
was adopted by European scholars?
7.
What is the geocentric theory and why did the
Catholic Church support it?
8.
What is the heliocentric theory and who came up
with it?
9.
Why did the Church consider heliocentric theory
to be heresy?
10.
What is heresy?
11.
Why did Galileo get into trouble with the
Church?
12.
What did Galileo learn about falling
objects? Pendulums?
13.
Kepler proved that orbits are ________________
not circular.
14.
Francis Bacon is associated with ___________
15.
Isaac Newton is associated with ________.
16.
Leeuwenhoek is associated with ____________.
17.
Fahrenheit is associated with _____________.
18.
Jenner is associated with ______________.
19.
Boyle is associated with _______________.
20.
In the middle Ages, scholars believed that all
things were made up of ___________, ______________, _________________, and
_______________.
V. Enlightenment Philosophers
1.
What is the Enlightenment?
2.
What
is a skeptic? Is skepticism a good
thing?
3.
What were the main beliefs of Thomas Locke about
man and government?
4.
What were the man beliefs of John Locke and
government?
5.
What did Rousseau believe about man and
government?
6.
What is Natural Law?
7.
What is the Social Contract?
8.
Give some ways that the Enlightenment
philosophers influenced our Founding Fathers.
9.
Who was Voltaire and what did he write?
10.
Who was Montesquieu and what did he contribute to
American government?
11.
Who were the Philosophes?
12.
Who was Karl Marx and what theory of government
did he create?
Friday, May 22The French Revolution: Part One
Journal: What would it take for the people of the
United States to stage a revolution and overthrow the government?
|
Anticipatory Set:
Journal above
|
6.
Notes on board:
·
Causes of the French Revolution
·
Old Regime:
France still feudal with absolute monarch, Louis XVI
·
Three Estates
First: Church:
owned 10% of land, paid 2% taxes, provided services
Second:
Nobles: 2% of population, owned 20% land, paid no taxes
Third:
everybody else, from bourgeoisie to peasants: 98% of pop, paid lots of taxes,
peasants as much as 50%.
·
Estates General:
Assembly that passed laws. Had
not met for over 100 years.
·
Bourgeoisie:
upper middle class, educated, followed enlightenment ideas, wanted
democracy
·
Peasants: 80 of French pop
·
Enlightenment Ideas:
Liberty, Equality, Democracy (Brotherhood)
·
French economy terrible, and worse due to Louis XVI
·
Louis borrows to fight Rev War w America
·
Marie Antoinette: Queen, spendy, Madame Deficit
·
Louis forced to call Estates General in 1789, first
time in 175 years
·
Third Estate wants it to meet together, Louis
refuses
·
Third Estate leaves, forms National Assembly
·
Tennis Court Oath:
creates new government
·
Bastille: a fort in Paris that is stormed to begin
revolution
·
July 14, 1789: French independence day
7.
Powerpoint: French Rev Part One
|
Tuesday, May 25
Journal: Should churches pay taxes? Why or why not?
The French Revolution: Part Two
Main Idea: The French Revolution became more and more radical over time.
1.
·
Great Fear: a
time of lawlessness in the countryside when peasants destroyed feudal records
·
Declaration of
the Rights of Man: influenced by US Dec of Ind
All men are born free and equal
Government must protect these rights
Freedom of speech, religion.
Women not included in equal rights
- · Assembly confiscates church lands and says priests must work for state and be elected: angers conservative and religious French
- Louis attempts to escape, 1791, captured, imprisoned
·
Disagreement in National Assembly
Conservatives: constitutional monarchy like England
Moderates: favored some change, but not sweeping
change
Radicals: break
down old order, start from scratch, no king
·
Other monarchies panic, attack France
·
Radicals seize power from moderates
·
Jacobins: a
radical club that led the radical revolt
·
Men granted right to vote
·
Louis tried and executed for treason 1793
·
Other Europeand countries join war against France
Must-See Videos!
French Revolution: A Short Overview Cartoon
Guillotine!
History Channel: Short History of the French Revolution
Wednesday, May 28
Journal: What do you think is going to happen NEXT in the French Revolution? Why?
French Revolution: Day 3
:
·
Radicals/Jacobins
attempt to ‘restore order’ by killing everybody who disagrees with them
·
Sans-culottes: name for revolutionaries, means did not
wear knee britches but long pants
·
Phrygian or
Liberty Cap: worn by freed Roman
slaves: adopted by French Rev to show emancipation.
·
Maximilien
Robespierre: Jacobin leader of the revolution
·
Extreme changes
in French society, from cards to the calendar
·
Committee of
Public Safety: formed by Jacobins to
keep order, but persecuted those who disagreed.
·
The Reign of
Terror: the time when the Jacobins killed their enemies. 3,000 killed in this short period, over 85%
Third Estaters. 40,000 killed
altogether in FR.
·
Marie
Antoinette guillotined
·
French sick of
killing, turn on Robespierre, he is guillotined
·
1795: New Assembly formed:
Bicameral legistlature
Five man executive known as Directory
·
Needed a military leader to save France, picked
Napoleon Bonaparte
Video: The Revolution and the Reign of Terror |
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